Many factors both at home and abroad () the bankruptcy of the multinational A.corporation。

nd services that are in limited supply are disturbed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a very complex network composed of the price of all the products brought and sold in the economy as well as those of numerous services, including labor, professional transportation, and public-utility services.

The interrelationships of all these prices make up the “system” of prices. The prices of any particular product or service are linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less on everything else. If one were to ask randomly (随机地) a group of individuals to define “price”, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction (交易). This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes.

For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and the payment will be made, the form. of money to be used, and the credit terms and discounts that supply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors that comprise the total “package”being exchanged for the asked-for amount in order that they may evaluate a given price.

According to the passage, the price system is related primarily to ______.

A.labor and education

B.transportation and insurance

C.utilities and repairs

D.products and services

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a factor in the complete understanding of price？A.Instructions that come with a product

B.The quantity of a product

C.The quality of a product

D.Guarantees that come with a product

In the last sentence of the passage, the word “they” refers to ________.A.return privileges

B.all the factors

C.the buyer and the seller

D.money

The paragraph following the passage likely discusses ________.A.unusual ways to advertise products

B.types of payment plans for service

C.theories about how products affect different levels of society

D.how certain elements of price “package” influence its market value

What is the best title for the passage？A.The Inherent Weakness in the Price System

B.The Complexities of the Price System

C.Credit Terms in Transactions

D.Resource Distribution and the Public Sector

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

ather factors have no influence on their decision-making？ Everyone can point to instances where plans and activities have been changed because of weather conditions. People's moods also change with the weather: bright sunny days seem to lift spirits, while dark rainy periods bring on depression.

Law enforcement agencies are beginning to show interests in the effect of atmospheric conditions on behavior. Every year, the FBI's Uniform. Crime Reports provide break-downs of the crime rates by month and season of the year. Both monthly and seasonal variations are considered to reflect the varying influence of temperature, precipitation, humidity, length of daylight, and a number of other climatological factors.

Various studies find relationships between specific climatological conditions and crime. Rising temperature is generally accompanied by increase in aggression and violent crime. On the other hand, high humidity appears to reduce the incidence of physical activity and aggression. Rain, cloud cover, and other forms of inclement weather are associated with lower levels of property crimes and increased depression.

Our study showed that low humidity has the most widespread influence on all types of crime studied. The analysis also shows that as humidity increase the level of crime decreases. Temperature also has a great effect. Increasing temperature fails to influence the number of nighttime burglaries/larcenies, but it does increase the other crime categories. Burglaries/larcenies (day and night) and daytime assaults also tend to increase along with cloud cover. Except for wind speed and barometric pressure with regard to daytime assaults, the remaining weather factors have virtually no influence on the levels of crime.

Individuals who respond with criminal behavior. to weather change or weather extremes may be controllable by administering drugs that offset these influences. Electrical stimulation of pleasure centers in the brain may someday be a feasible countermeasure to aggressive stimuli due to increased temperature or other weather variables.

Changing or manipulating the weather is one possible means of attacking a weather crime interaction. This approach may not be feasible due to the many relationships between weather/ climate and the rotation of the earth. Minor changes may be possible such as regulation of rainfall of sky cover. On the other hand, temperature control may be impossible.

More research is needed to assess and clarify the relationship between crime and the various climatological factors. Once this is accomplished, it will be necessary to devise more accurate means of forecasting the weather, counteracting the effects of weather on human behavior, and controlling the environment, or identifying other approaches to the problem.

People are likely to be very active and aggressive

A．when it is rainy and cloudy.

B．as humidity increases.

C．when there is little moisture.

D．as temperature decreases.

and ants, both of which, significantly, maintain complex social organizations. This does not mean that only men and ants engage in the murder of their own kind. Many animals of the same species kill each other, but only men and ants have practiced the science of organized destruction, employing their massed numbers in violent combat and relying on strategy and tactics to meet developing situations or to take advantage of the weaknesses in the strategy and tactics of the other side.

While all entomologists (昆虫学家) are all agreed that war is instinctive with ants, it is encouraging to note that not all anthropologists (人类学家) and biologists are agreed that war is instinctive with men. Those who lean on experience, of course, find everything in man's history to indicate that war is locked up within his nature. But a broader and more generous, certainly more philosophical, view is held by those scientists who claim that evidence of a war instinct in men is incomplete and misleading, and that man does have within him the power of abolishing (废除) war. Julian Huxley, the English biologist, draws a sharp distinction between human nature and expression of human nature. Thus war is not a reflection but an expression of man's nature.

Moreover, the expression may change, as the factors which lead to war may change. "In men, as in ants, war in any serious sense is bound up with the existence of accumulations of property to fight about... As for human nature, it contains no specific war instinct, as does the nature of harvester ants. There is in man's makeup a general aggressive tendency, but this, like all other human urges, is not a specific and unvarying instinct; it can be molded (塑造) into the most varied forms."

But even if this gives us a reassuring answer to the question -- is war inevitable because of man's nature？ -- it still leaves unanswered the question concerning the causes leading up to war. The expression of man's nature will continue to be warlike if the same conditions are continued that have prompted warlike expressions in him in the past. And since man's survival on earth is now absolutely dependent on his ability to avoid a new war, he is faced with the so-far insoluble problem of eliminating those causes.

Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage？

A．There are different factors which may lead to war.

B．War has been rooted in and will develop with human history.

C．Both men and ants maintain complex social organizations.

D．Only men and ants have developed and practiced the art of war.

Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the end of the passage？

A．Though the research was not scientifically accurate, it pointed to some encouraging results.

B．There are many factors influencing one"s outlook during his/her growing up.

C．The virtuous die young, but the evil leave a stink for ten thousand years.

D．The author urges us to become more environmentally-conscious as the society develops.

nts is relatively recent in human history, and the precise details of what intellectual property is protected for how long vary across nations and occasionally change. There are two standard sociological justifications for patents or copyrights: they reward creators for their labor, and they encourage greater creativity. Both of these are empirical claims that can be tested scientifically and could be false in some realms.

Consider music. Star performers existed before the 20th century, such as Franz Liszt and Niccolo Paganini, but mass media produced a celebrity system promoting a few stars whose music was not necessarily the best or most diverse. Copyright provides protection for distribution companies and for a few celebrities, thereby helping to support the industry as currently defined, but it may actually harm the majority of performers. This is comparable to Anatole France's famous irony, "The law, in its majestic equality, forbids the rich as well as the poor to sleep under bridges. " In theory, copyright covers the creations of celebrities and obscurities equally, but only major distribution companies have the resources to defend their property rights in court. In a sense, this is quite fair, because nobody wants to steal unpopular music, but by supporting the property rights of celebrities, copyright strengthens them as a class in contrast to anonymous musicians.

Internet music file sharing has become a significant factor in the social lives of children, who download bootleg music tracks for their own use and to give as gifts to friends. If we are to believe one recent poll done

It will not be easy to test such hypotheses, and extensive economic research has not conclusively answered the question of whether the patent system really promotes innovation. We will need many careful, sharp-focus studies of well-formed hypotheses in specific industries and sectors of life. For example, observational and interview research can uncover the factors that really promote cultural innovation among artists of various kinds and determine the actual consequences for children of Internet peer-to-peer file sharing.

Which of the following statements about intellectual property is NOT true？

A．Countries may differ in their efforts to protect it.

B．The author considers its protection well-grounded.

C．People believe its protection may benefit creators.

D．The history of its protection has not been long.

at least in part, directed towards the attainment of goals or towards the satisfaction of needs or motives. Accordingly, it is appropriate to begin our consideration of motivation in the work place by examining the motives for working. Simon points out that an organization should be able to secure the participation of a person by offering him inducements (引诱)which contribute in some way to at least one of his goals. The kinds of inducements offered by an organization are varied, and if they are effective in maintaining participation they must necessarily be based on the needs of the individuals.

Maslow examines in detail what these needs are. He points out not only that there are many needs ranging from basic physiological drives such as hunger to a more abstract desire for self-realization, but also that they are arranged in a hierarchy(等级制度 )whereby the lower-order needs must to a large degree be satisfied before the higher-order ones come into play.

One of the most obvious ways in which work organizations attract and retain members is through the realization, that economic factors are not the only inducement for working as indicated by Morse and Weiss. In line with the social respect and self-realization needs discussed by Maslow, factors such as association with others, self-respect gained through the work, and a high interest value of the work can serve effectively to induce people to work.

According to Maslow, a work organization is able to motivate people to work by______.

A．satisfying their physiological needs

B．satisfying their self-realization needs

C．satisfying hierarchy of their higher-order needs

D．first satisfying their lower-order needs

ntists developed a new concept called "sub-health", a status【52】health and illness. The concept of sub-health has become【53】because it has helped to explain many health problems.【54】one study, only 5. 6% of people in the overall population are actually sick,【55】the sub-healthy group consists of about 60%, and the【56】population is considered healthy.【57】of one's sub-health will help one to be alert to the underlying disease and remain healthy. Sub-health is a state in which the body is【58】turning from health to illness or from illness to health. Our bodies are actively【59】the conditions of health, sub-health and disease. Factors【60】aging, internal or external toxicity (毒性), and body or mind exhaustion may cause sub-heath, but taking good care of the body can change a sub-healthy status to a healthy one.

(51)

A．Besides

B．However

C．Meantime

D．Therefore

ertain factors in our day-to-day lives: with stress, with smoking, with poor nutrition (营养), and with a (51) of exercise. Doctors and other health experts have been (52) the fact that we can often reduce the (53) of heart disease by paying more attention to these factors.

More and more people are realizing that there is a (54) between heart disease and the way they live. As a result of this new (55) , attitudes toward health are changing:In the past, people tend to think that it was sufficient for good health to have a good doctor who could be (56) on to know exactly what to do when they became ill. (57) they are realizing that merely receiving the best treatment (58) illness or injury "is not enough. They are learning that they must (59) more responsibility for their own health. Today many people are changing their dietary (60) and eating food with less fat and cholesterol(胆固醇). Many are paying more attention to reducing (61) in their lives. The number of smokers in the United States is now far below the level of twenty years ago because many people succeed in breaking the habit and as fewer people (62) it up. More and more are aware of the (63) of regular exercise like walking, running, or swimming, some have begun to walk or ride bicycles to work instead of made. Millions have become members of health clubs and have made health clubs one of the fastest growing businesses in the United States today. And now the (64) effects of these changing attitudes and behaviors are beginning to appear: a(n) (65) decrease in deaths from heart disease.

(51)

A．shortage

B．failure

C．plenty

D．lack

The modern world could not operate without roads. It is a way

of life with almost every family in the western world owning an

automobile. In Australia alone, billions of dollars are spending on 【M1】 ______

road maintenance and enhancements each year, such as new

bridges and the highway development. Highways are the public's 【M2】 ______

main source of transportation to reach other, towns and cities with

the increased speed limits to make traveling slower. In contrast, 【M3】 ______

town roads are designed for short travel with many streets and sharp

turns to negotiate in slower speeds and for the pedestrians to cross at 【M4】 ______

convenient places like traffic lights. Research studies in the United

Kingdom, Australia, the United States have shown that human 【M5】 ______

issues contribute to 95 % of accidents, road factors only to about

one fifth of that percentage and vehicle factors for fewer than 5%. 【M6】 ______

With road improvements speed has been allowed to raise, 【M7】 ______

except for special reasons like school and residential areas which 【M8】 ______

the limit has been lowered. Current speed limits are necessary. The

speeds on normal roads in Australia ranging from 40km/h to 【M9】 ______

110km/h which is due to the series of road situations.

Specialization of motor vehicles is a very common process which

allows the driver to enhance his/her automobile to obtain the

desired appearance or performance ability. It is only when this

process gets out of control when the driver becomes a risk. 【M10】______

【M1】

ecent polls (民意测验) sixty to seventy percent of Americans consider themselves to be moderately happy and one in twenty persons feels very unhappy. Psychologists have been studying the factors that contribute to happiness. It is not predictable nor is a person in an apparently ideal situation necessarily happy. The ideal situation may have little to do with his actual feelings. A good education and income are usually considered necessary for happiness. Though both may contribute, they are only chief factors if the person is seriously undereducated or actually suffering from lack of physical needs. The rich are not likely to be happier than the middle-income group or even those with very low incomes. People with college educations are somewhat happier than those who did not graduate from high school, and it is believed that this is mainly because they have more opportunity to control their lives. Yet people with a high income and a college education may be less happy than those with the same income and no college education. Poor health does not rule out happiness except for the severely disabled or those in pain. Learning to cope with a health problem can contribute to happiness. Those with a good sex life are happier in general, but those who have a loving, affectionate relationship are happier than those who rely on sex alone. Love has a higher correlation with happiness than any other factor. It should be noted that people quickly get used to what they have, and they are happiest when they feel they are increasing their level no matter where it stands at a given time. Children whose parents were happily married have happier childhoods are not necessarily happier adults. The best formula for happiness is to be able to develop the ability to tolerate frustration, to have a personal involvement and commitment, and to develop self-confidence and self-esteem. It can be inferred from the passage that______.

A.happiness is predictable

B.a person in an apparently ideal situation must be happy

C.the rich are likely to be happier than the middle-income group

D.happiness is not necessarily connected to one's situation in society